![]() ![]() Put the words strung together with OR in parentheses. By using the OR operator, you are broadening the search by including search terms that will best define or characterize a specific concept. To create a search segment for each concept, combine the identified related terms (controlled vocabulary and keywords) and string them together by using the Boolean operator OR between each term. If you don't already have one, a personalized account can be created by signing in with any of the third-party apps (e.g., Google or ORCID) listed on the NCBI account page. Step 3: Create search segments for each main concept or component of a framework using PubMed.īefore creating your search segments, it is highly recommended that you log in to your PubMed account. SWIFT-Review: a text-mining workbench for systematic review. ![]() Here are some helpful tips for term harvesting while you are conducting your preliminary search: ![]() One of those terms for this particular article is " hypertension." To optimize your search on a similar topic, think about all the synonyms and phrases related to this term, such as "hypertensive disorders" or "high blood pressure." It’s also a good idea to look at the entry terms under each MeSH term definition. The best way to identify synonyms that might yield the most relevant results is to read a few articles from your preliminary search, skim the abstracts in your results, and look for author-provided keywords or see what controlled vocabulary have been tagged to the articles.įor example, the article " Racial disparities in adverse pregnancy outcomes and psychosocial stress" provides MeSH terms at the bottom of the PubMed record. ![]() These searches can be composed of just a few keywords to see what the initial search results yield.Īn optimal search strategy would include both the controlled vocabulary of the various literature databases (e.g., PubMed Medical Subject Heading terms) and your own keywords. One of the best ways to inform the term-harvesting process is to conduct a preliminary topic investigation or a scoping search of the topic. Step 2: Harvest terms.Īfter selecting a suitable framework, the next step is to define each concept or component of the chosen framework and start assigning keywords and controlled vocabulary. The article " Craft better research questions by using question development frameworks" highlights other frameworks in addition to PICO. The most widely used framework in health research is the PICO framework: Population/Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome. Having a well-developed research question helps identify the major concepts to include in the search query. Step 1: Find an appropriate research question framework.Ī helpful way to start developing a comprehensive search query is to use a research question framework. What follows are five steps for developing a comprehensive search query for evidence synthesis projects such as systematic or scoping reviews. ("Sensitivity" in this context is defined as the proportion of relevant studies retrieved, in contrast with "precision," which is the proportion of retrieved studies that are relevant.) According to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, searches for reviews “should seek to maximize sensitivity whilst striving for reasonable precision” (see MECIR Box 4.4.b). Comprehensiveness is defined as the sensitivity of the search query in retrieving a large enough number of results to ensure that as many of the relevant studies are included in the review as possible. When working on a scoping or systematic review, authors need to develop and document at least one search query that is comprehensive and reproducible. ![]()
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